初中英语被动语态讲解_练习

被动语态

一、 考点、热点回顾

【词汇辨析】

1. across, through 穿过

across

过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。

through

eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。

2. ill，sick―生病的‖。

ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.

sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed.

也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.

若ill作定语，译为―坏的，恶劣的‖

eg: an ill person一个坏人

sick作表语时也常译为―恶心的，想吐的―

eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.

【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词

make room for给.....腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.

play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law.

speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.

say good bye to告别；告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them.

take an active part in积极参加 eg: They take an active part in school activities.

take care of照顾；照料；注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation?

【被动语态】

（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

（二）被动语态的构成

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken