辽河三角洲湿地区域生态风险评价_付在毅

第21卷第3期2001年3月生　　态　　学　　报Vol.21,No.3Mar.,2001辽河三角洲湿地区域生态风险评价

付在毅1,许学工1,林辉平1,王宪礼2

(1.北京大学城市与环境学系,北京100871;2.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110015)

摘要:生态风险评价区别于生态影响评价的重要特征在于其强调不确定性因素的作用,区域生态风险评价相对于一般生态风险评价而言,其所涉及的风险源以及评价受体等都在区域内具有空间异质性,,因而更具复杂性。以辽河三角洲湿地(盘锦市)。洪涝、干旱、风暴潮灾害和油田污染事故的概率进行了分级评价;,分析了风险源的危害作用;运用遥感资料和地理信息系统(GIS)关键词:区域生态风险评价;辽河三角洲;RegionaltofintheLiaoheRiverDelta1112FUZai2Yi,Xue2Gong,LINHui2Ping,WANGXian2Li　(1.DepartmentOfGeography,

PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China;2.InstituteofAppliedEcology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shenyang110015,China)

Abstract:Ecologicalriskassessmentisanewstudyfield.Itsobjectiveistoestimatethepossibilityandmagnitudeinwhichsomeundesiredecologicaleventswilloccurbyusingmathematics,probabilityandoth2

.Regionalecologicalriskassessmentisonebranchofecologicalriskassessment,erriskanalysistechniques

forwhichboththereceptorsandsourcesofriskmustbeinregionalscale,andtheexposureandeffectsas2sessmentmustaccounttheiruncertaintyandspatialheterogeneity.InthecasestudyoftheLiaoheRiver

.thisarticleinguiresintothetheoryandmethodofregionalecologicalriskassessment.Deltawetlands

First,weselectbirdsandtheirhabitatsasriskreceptorsafteranalyzedthelandscapeframeworkand

.ecologicalfunctionofthewetlands

Second,wedefinethemainlyrisksourcesinthisregionincludingflood,drought,stormtideandoil

.Accordingtothestatisticoftheregion,theprobabilityanddistributingofeachkindofpollutionevents

risksourcesaregained.

Third,thehabitatreceptorisexposedunderrisksourcesandcontactswithbirdreceptor.Risksourceswillaffectthehabitatelementsandthebirdswillbeharmed.Intheexposureandhazardanalysis,weuseecologicalindextodenotetheimportantdegreeofeachhabitat,usefragileindextoshowtheirfea2turesofanti2risk.Hazardconsequencesareanalyzed,whichformedbydifferentrisksources.Inordertocomparetheriskbroughtbydifferentrisksource,weuseAHPmethodtogettheweighofeachkindofrisksources.

Finally,riskassessmentistheintegratedphaseoftheresearch.Becauseofthespatialheterogeneity

.ofrisksources,allrisksourcesareoverlaidintheregion,whichdividestheregioninto122riskareas

.Sowecangetthereishomogeneousforrisksourcesbutheterogeneousforhabitats

基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(49631040)

收稿日期:1999209221;修订日期:2000205201

作者简介:付在毅,男(1974～),四川人,硕士,工程师。主要从事资源与环境、地理信息系统研究。