深圳英文介绍 City profile Shenzhen

关于深圳城市的英文介绍

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2003.08.010

doc.guandang.net

Cities,Vol.20,No.6,p.429–441,2003

2003ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinGreatBritain

0264-2751/$-seefront

matter

Citypro le

Shenzhen

MeeKamNg

CentreofUrbanPlanningandEnvironmentalManagement,TheUniversityofHongKong,PokfulamRoad,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,People’sRepublicofChina

AsChina’s rstSpecialEconomicZone(SEZ)tospureconomicgrowthafterthenearcollapseofthesocialistcentrally-plannedeconomyin1980,Shenzhenhastransformedtheagriculture-basedBao’anCountyintoa21stcenturymetropolishousingoverfourmillionpeople.TheShenzhenSpecialEconomicZone(SSEZ)wasbuiltthroughdemolishingnativevillagesandtheterritorialspacesonwhichitnowstandshaveundergoneincessantpressuretorestructure:agriculturallandwas rstrazedtogivewaytoanindustry-ledSEZwhichitselfhasbeenrecon guredsincethe1980sasaresultofinternalandexternalchanges.Thephysicalgrowthandrestructuringofthecityre ecttheimaginationandboldexperimentationofthegovernmentandurbanplannerswhohadnopriorexperienceofplanningforthegrowthoftheinvisiblehandina edglingsocialistmarketeconomy.Thispaperarguesthatwhilesocio-economicandspatialplanninghaveplayedanimportantandexploratoryroleinShenzhen’sbreathtakinggrowthfromanoutwardprocessingSEZtoanaspiringworldcityofthe21stcentury,thecityneedstoworkhardertoestablishaneffectivedevelopmentcontrolsystem.

2003ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.

Keywords:Shenzhen,urbandevelopment,planning,socialistmarketeconomy

Anundulatinglinearcity

BeforeChina’sOpenDoorPolicyinlate1978,ShenzhenwasjustasleepybordertownlyingnorthofthethenBri-tishcolony,HongKong,insouthernChina(Figure1).Shenzhennowhasanareaof2020km2withsixdistrictshousingover4.69millionpopulation1.TheSSEZoccupiedanareaofabout392km2withfouradministrativedis-Tel.:+852-2859-2276;fax:+852-2559-0468;e-mail:meekng@hkucc.hku.hk1

Theof cial gureforpopulationin2001is4.69million,with1.32millionregisteredresidentsand3.37milliontemporaryresi-dents(SSB,2002,p63).However,itwasreportedintheyear2000FifthNationalCensusthatthepopulationinShenzhenwasaboutsevenmillion(ShenzhenDaily,2001;GuangdongStatisticsBureau,2002).Inotherwords,therewerethreemillionunregistered“ oating”populationinShenzhenatthetimeoftheCensus.

tricts:Yantian,Luohu,FutianandNan-shan.OutsidetheSSEZthenwereBao’anandLongganCounties.In1993,thetwoCountieswereturnedintoDistrictsandformallybecamepartofShenzhen.Thecityis ankedbytheMirsBayintheeastandthePearlRiverEstuaryinthewest.Thecoastlineextendstoabout230kmwithmanylocationssuitableforconstructingsea-ports.TheHongKongSpecialAdmin-istrativeRegion(HKSAR)liestoitssouthwhereasDongguanandHuizhouareitsnorthernneighbours.Oneofthemajorconstraintsofthecityisashort-ageoflandresources.Locatedbetweenlongitude113°46 to114°37 andlati-tude22°27 to22°52 ,Shenzhenisalinearcitywithamoderatelyhillyter-rain.Itseast–westspanisover49kmwhileitsnorth–southspanisonly7km.Anundulatingtopographyisfoundinthecity,particularlyinthesoutheast-

ernpart.Thenorthwesternportionisrelativelylowlyingwithseaplainsalongthewestcoast(SSB,2002,p31).Itshillytopographyinthesoutheasternpartshieldsitfrommosttyphoonattacksinsummer.Shenzhenliesinthesub-tropicalmaritimeclimaticzonewithanaverageannualtemperatureof22.4°C.TherainyseasonspansfromMaytoSeptemberandtheannualrain-fallis1933cm.

Bordertowninanagriculturalbackwater

Today’sShenzhenissituatedwithintheonceruralBao’anCountywhichwassetupinthefourthcenturyandcon-sistedoftoday’sShenzhen,Dongguan,Zhongshan,ZhuhaiandHongKong(ShenzhenMuseum,1999,p3)(Figure2).Thename“Shenzhen”didnotappearinhistoricaldocumentsuntilthe

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