肿瘤分子靶向治疗药物研究进展

肿瘤分子靶向治疗药物研究进展

肿瘤分子靶向治疗药物研究进展

杨 阳，刘宝瑞，钱晓萍

（南京大学附属鼓楼医院肿瘤科 南京 210008）

摘 要：随着人类对癌症的细胞生物学和遗传学方面的认识达到分子生物学水平，新的治疗理念，治疗方法不断被提出。在传统的手术、放疗、化疗及生物治疗的基础上，恶性肿瘤的分子靶向治疗已成为肿瘤学最新的热门发展方向。新的分子靶向治疗药物以一些在肿瘤细胞细胞膜上或细胞内特异性表达或高表达的分子为作用靶点，能够更加特异性的作用于肿瘤细胞，阻断其生长、转移或诱导其凋亡，同时降低了对正常细胞的杀伤作用。一些分子靶向药物在相应的肿瘤治疗中已经展现出值得期待的疗效，本文将介绍近年来多种新型的肿瘤分子靶向治疗药物的原理及其临床研究进展。

关键词：恶性肿瘤，分子靶向，抗肿瘤药物

Advances in the research on Specific Molecular Targeting

Anti-cancer Drugs

Yang Yang, Liu Bao-rui, Qian Xiao-ping

(Department Of Oncology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University,

Nanjing 210008, P.R.China)

Abstract: In the past decade, a great deal has been learnt about cancer, such as, oncogene, tumor suppressor gene, signal transduction, cell cycle and apoptosis. The treatment of cancer is evolving, propelled by advances in the molecular biology of tumor. The identification and characterization of molecular targets is rapidly changing the way that promising new anti-cancer compounds are developed and evaluated, such as monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 Herceptin, monoclonal antibody against CD20 Mabthera, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Iressa and Tarceva, monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor Avastin, farnesyl transferase inhibitor Zarnestra, proteasome inhibitor Velcade, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor prinomastat and marimastat, and so on. These new specific molecular targeting anti-cancer drugs are potent therapeutics for some tumors, for they can specifically target the molecule that overexpressing on tumor cells, thus reducing the side-effects of such drugs while increasing their effectiveness. In this review, we focus on the advances in the research on some specific molecular targeting anti-cancer drugs, introducing their elements, effect mechanism, curative effects and side-effects.

Key Words: Tumor, Molecular Targeting, Anti-cancer Drugs

分子靶向治疗是指在肿瘤分子生物学的基础上，将与肿瘤相关的特异分子作为靶点，利用靶分子特异制剂或药物进行治疗的手段。近20年来，人类对癌症的细胞生物学和遗传学方面的认识有了飞速的发展。一系列重大发现包括癌基因、抑癌基因、细胞凋亡、肿瘤血管形成等使癌症研究由细胞生物学水平转变到分子生物学水平，一系列新的概念包括信号传导、细胞周期、DNA修复等已经在从酵母、线虫到果蝇、小鼠等多种生物模型实验中得到