耶鲁大学开放课程—哲学：死亡.26.Open.Yale.course—Philosophy：Death.DivX-YYeTs人人影视 [字幕转换助手

死亡_耶鲁大学

上次我们讲到自杀的道德问题
Last time we turned to questions about the morality of suicide,
我提到了两个
and I started with two arguments that
我称为草率随性的观点
I called quick and dirty arguments.
我认为公平地讲
I suppose it would have been fairer to say
它们其实都是神学观点
that they were really theological arguments,
或者说是某种程度上采用了神学前提的
or they were moral arguments that used, in part,
道德观点
theological premises.
我觉得至少这种
I suggested that, at least if we look at them
草率随意的观点
in their quick and dirty versions,
不足以说明问题
they were inadequate,
如果我们想仔细研究
and if we're going to make a more careful argument
自杀的道德问题
about the morality of suicide,
我们需要一些更系统化的
we need to turn to a more systematic view
道德理论
about the contents of morality.
我们需要根据
We need to look at suicide
基本的道德准则来评判自杀
in terms of the basic moral principles.
这不是我们有机会仔细探讨的事情
Now, that's not something we've got the chance to do in detail,
但我们至少能讲清楚
but I think we can at least say enough
一些基本的道德准则
about a couple of basic approaches to the contents of morality,
或是基本的道德尺度
or the basic moral rules,
让我们有个概念 知道
to get the beginnings of an understanding of
更仔细地研究自杀的道德问题
what might emerge about the morality of suicide
会得到什么
if we were to do that more carefully.
先不谈自杀问题
So, holding off on suicide for the moment,
我们先问一下
let's ask ourselves,
是什么决定了一个行为
what is it that makes an action
是否符合道德
morally acceptable or morally forbidden?
毋庸置疑
This is, unsurprisingly,
不同道德理论对此存在争议
something that different moral theories disagree about.
但至少有一个要素或特征 是所有
But there's at least one factor or one feature that all,
或者说大部分道德理论所接受的
or almost all, moral theories agree about.
那就是行为造成的后果很关键
And that is that the consequences of your action matter.
我们或许可以 或许不可以
That is, we might or might not
只把行为的后果当作道德评判的标准
think that consequences are the only things that are morally relevant
来考察行为是否道德
when we think about the morality of your action,
但行为造成的后果
but surely it is one thing that's morally relevant--
肯定是其中一个标准
what are the consequences of your action going to be.
因此 下面我们从后果的角度
So, let's think about the morality of suicide
来思考自杀的道德问题
with an eye towards consequences,
因为我们讨论的是道德问题
bearing in mind that since we're talking about a moral point of view
所以