高中定语从句讲解

高中定语从句

定语从句
【知识简介】
名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。
【要点难点】
1) that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况：
① 先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。
② 先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。
③ 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。
④ 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。
⑤ 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I’ve learned。
⑥ 先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。
只用which的情况：
① 在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。
② 介词后。
请看that和which的使用例句：
It’s the best film that’s ever been made on the subject of madness. 这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。
? Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had. 莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。（本句中先行词虽是人，但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰，仍用that较好）
? Take the first opportunity that offers. 抓住第一个出现的机会。
? He is the last person that one would suspect. 人们最不可能怀疑他。
? Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 只有人类具有语言的天赋。
? A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees. 一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。
? Those were the very words that he said at the meeting. 这些就是他在会上说的原话。
? All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并不都是金子。
? Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other’s presence. 有话最好当面说。
? There’s still much that is to be done. 仍然有很多事要做。
? I have changed my mind. Nothing that you say will change it. 我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。
? Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake. 这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。
? Every paper that you read gives the same story. 你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。
? I still can’t forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation. 我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。
2) 关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别
① 关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语