被动语态详解(Word版)

态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

一、语态分类

正确) 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主

错误) 动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语

2.是动作的承受者。如：

中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来

保留宾语) 表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分

词构成。

(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： 二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

(1)主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be

注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：

词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, 一般现在时：am / is / are + given

sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 一般过去时：was / were +given

The cup with mixture was showed to the class.

一般将来时：shall / will + given

My bike was lent to her.

一般过去将来时：should / would + given

一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for如：

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, 过去进行时：was / were + being + given make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 现在完成时：have / has + been + given Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made 过去完成时：had + been + given for me.)

The meat was cooked for us. 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + given

Some country music was played for us. 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + given

有些既不用to也不用for，根据动词与介词的搭配注：被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(2)含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被关系。

He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me.) 动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构

People all over the world know the Great Wall. 成。

The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.

①You must hand in your compositions after class.

(不用by短语)

3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们②He can write a great many letters with the computer.

作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副

词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： by him.

不及物动词+介词，如：agree to, ask for, laugh at, (3)主动语态变被动语态的方法：

operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。 ①My aunt invited

The patient is being operated on. 主语 谓语 宾语

The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. → I was invited

及物动词+副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, 主语 谓语 宾语

give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away,

②The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。

→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the

His request was turned down.

school. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 weather. 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态词，时态要与原句保持一致。 时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足

3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被语保留在谓语动词后面。如： 动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句We always keep the classroom clean. 主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状→The classroom is always kept clean. 语。 She told us to follow her instructions.

(4)语态转换时所注意的问题： →We were told to follow her instructions. 1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at,

被动语态详解

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