土木工程专业开题报告外文翻译

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公路设计的安全动态

JACK E. LEISCH

ABSTRACT 摘要

An important aspect of improving highway safety lies in designing the geometric features of roadways in response to the characteristics and behavior of drivers. 公路安全的一个重要方面在于改善司机的行为设计的特点和几何特征的巷道中的反应。This is being applied to specific features of highways with evidence of improvement in operation and safet这是正在申请和安全的具体操作功能改善的公路与证据。However, much more can be accomplish然而，更多的可以完成。There is now available additional operational experience and observations, which can assist the driver's task in vehicle control and guidance, but which have not yet been fully reflected in design criteria现在有提供额外的运作经验和意见，可以帮助控制和引导车辆驾驶员的任务，但尚未充分反映在设计标准。If judiciously applied, such measures could further enhance highway safety如果明智地应用，这些措施可进一步改善公路安全。The paper addresses itself mainly to this aspect and presents the thesis: when all known or accepted safety features and techniques are applied fully to a highway project, it may be expected that a significant improvement in safety will be achieved本文地址本身主要是这方面的论文，并提出：当所有已知或接受的安全功能和技术充分应用于高速公路项目，可以预料，在安全显着的改善一定会实现。An actual project is suggested to validate this approach一个实际的项目建议，以验证这种方法。

Introduction 简介

公路安全,因为它涉及到运动车辆许多在上雕琢平面的问题，各方面体现在司机,车辆,公路设施。虽然所有元件与全面的解决方案必须领先，同时以同样的重点,本文只关注的公路的特点和行为,涉及驾驶员、车辆、交通和高速公路，从而达到设计安全，这种优化设计必须符合相关环境和经济的约束。

Human Factors Application 人的因素的应用

司机平均的特征：如眼睛高度、减速、换道,进展维护车辆之间,许多其他方面的操作行为，被使用了多年的投入的高速公路。提高几何标准,提高安全程度的问题,我们必须了解心理学和司机行为之间的关系，以及他的生理特点。在车辆控制和指导，将会增加公路设计使其驾驶任务的安全。

Relating Accidents to Geometric Features 有关事故与几何特征

Accident experience has served the planner and designer in progress-sively providing safer facilities. 事故的经验，规划师和设计师提供更安全的服务设施。Significant information has been compiled and published by the Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility in "Traffic Control and Roadway Elements" - a nine-chapter series relating accidents to geometric features of highway facilities, released during 1970and 1重要资料已编制和发表的“联邦公路使用者的安全和移动性”交通管制和道路元素，九章的一系列有关事故的公路设施。1971年几何特征过程中释放，The Interstate System Accident Research Study II also has furnished meaningful insights- into the relationship between accidents and highway features洲际系统事故还具有为