初中英语非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词

一、动词不定式的用法（重点）

1、 结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有

人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。

不定式的语态

主动语态 被动语态

一般式 to do to be done

完成式 to have done to have been done

进行式 to be doing

不定式时态

一般时态 I hope to see you again. (有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后)

完成 I am sorry to have made so many mistakes.(动作发生在谓语动词表示的动词前)

进行 He seems to be eating something.(表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生)

2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1） 作主语

例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.

[说明]动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 当形容词表示事物的特征，特点或客观形式，常见的形容词有easy, hard, interesting

It is hard for him to study two languages.

It is + adj + of sb to do sth 形容词表示性格，品德或表示主观感情 good nice kind clever

It is very nice of you to help me.

2）作表语 My wish is to become a teacher. be动词之后，形成表语，常用来表示预定要发生的动

作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设

3）作宾语 只可用不定式作宾语的动词 ask hope help promise learn

Do you hope to go fishing with me?

既可接不定式也可以接动名词 remember forget like need stop try start begin permit love/ go on /

I stop to run. 我停下来开始跑

I stop running. 我停下来不跑了。

it 作形式宾语 Do you think it better to say it in this way?

4）作宾语补足语 1) 不定式作宾补 ask teach allow invite tell want prefer order get feel hear think see

expect encourage

The teacher told him not to be late next time.

2)使役动词省略to let make have

She had the students work out the problem.

3) Could you help me (to) close the window?

5）作定语 I have a lot of work to do. 表示未发生的动作

Can you bring me a chair to sit?

He needs someone to help him with his work.