E 140-2005 金属标准硬度换算表(布氏硬度、维氏硬度、洛氏硬度、表面硬度、努氏硬度和肖氏硬度之间的关系)

各种硬度换算

Designation:E140–05

StandardHardnessConversionTablesforMetals

RelationshipAmongBrinellHardness,VickersHardness,RockwellHardness,Super cialHardness,KnoopHardness,andScleroscopeHardness1

Thisstandardisissuedunderthe xeddesignationE140;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.

1.Scope*

1.1ConversionTable1presentsdataintheRockwellChardnessrangeontherelationshipamongBrinellhardness,Vickershardness,Rockwellhardness,Rockwellsuper cialhardness,Knoophardness,andScleroscopehardnessofnon-austeniticsteelsincludingcarbon,alloy,andtoolsteelsintheas-forged,annealed,normalized,andquenchedandtemperedconditionsprovidedthattheyarehomogeneous.

1.2ConversionTable2presentsdataintheRockwellBhardnessrangeontherelationshipamongBrinellhardness,Vickershardness,Rockwellhardness,Rockwellsuper cialhardness,Knoophardness,andScleroscopehardnessofnon-austeniticsteelsincludingcarbon,alloy,andtoolsteelsintheas-forged,annealed,normalized,andquenchedandtemperedconditionsprovidedthattheyarehomogeneous.

1.3ConversionTable3presentsdataontherelationshipamongBrinellhardness,Vickershardness,Rockwellhardness,Rockwellsuper cialhardness,andKnoophardnessofnickelandhigh-nickelalloys(nickelcontentover50%).Thesehardnessconversionrelationshipsareintendedtoapplypar-ticularlytothefollowing:nickel-aluminum-siliconspecimens nishedtocommercialmillstandardsforhardnesstesting,coveringtheentirerangeofthesealloysfromtheirannealedtotheirheavilycold-workedorage-hardenedconditions,includ-ingtheirintermediateconditions.

1.4ConversionTable4presentsdataontherelationshipamongBrinellhardness,Vickershardness,Rockwellhardness,andRockwellsuper cialhardnessofcartridgebrass.

1.5ConversionTable5presentsdataontherelationshipbetweenBrinellhardnessandRockwellBhardnessofausten-iticstainlesssteelplateintheannealedcondition.

TheseconversiontablesareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE28onMechanicalTestingandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE28.06onIndentationHardnessTesting.

CurrenteditionapprovedApril1,2005.PublishedApril2005.Originallyapprovedin1958.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asE140–02e1.

11.6ConversionTable6presentsdataontherelationshipbetweenRockwellhardnessandRockwellsuper cialhardnessofausteniticstainlesssteelsheet.

1.7ConversionTable7presentsdataontherelationshipamongBrinellhardness,Vickershardness,Rockwellhardness,Rockwellsuper cialhardness,andKnoophardnessofcopper.1.8ConversionTable8presentsdataontherelationshipamongBrinellhardness,Rockwellhardness,andVickershardnessofalloyedwhiteiron.

1.9ConversionTable9presentsdataontherelationshipamongBrinellhardness,Vickershardness,Rockwellhardness,andRockwellsuper cialhardnessofwroughtaluminumprod-ucts.

1.10Manyoftheconversionvaluespresentedhereinwereobtainedfromcomputer-generatedcurvesofactualtestdata.MostRockwellhardnessnumbersarepresentedtothenearest0.1or0.5hardnessnumbertopermitaccuratereproductionofthesecurves.Sinceallconvertedhardnessvaluesmustbeconsideredapproximate,however,allconvertedRockwellhardnessnumbersshallberoundedtothenearestwholenumberinaccordancewithPracticeE29.

1.11AppendixX1-AppendixX9containequationsdevel-opedfromthedatainTables1-9,respectively,toconvertfromonehardnessscaletoanother.Sinceallconvertedhardnessvaluesmustbeconsideredapproximate,however,allconvertedhardnessnumbersshallberoundedinaccordancewithPracticeE29.

1.12Conversionofhardnessvaluesshouldbeusedonlywhenitisimpossibletotestthematerialundertheconditionsspeci ed,andwhenconversionismadeitshouldbedonewithdiscretionandundercontrolledconditions.Eachtypeofhardnesstestissubjecttocertainerrors,butifprecautionsarecarefullyobserved,thereliabilityofhardnessreadingsmadeoninstrumentsoftheindentationtypewillbefoundcomparable.Differencesinsensitivitywithintherangeofagivenhardnessscale(forexample,RockwellB)maybegreaterthanbetweentwodifferentscalesortypesofinstruments.Theconversion

*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.

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