高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 monica

虚拟语气

高二英语学案

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

班级： 姓名： 编写：耿明利 日期：Mar. 2014

高中英语语法词法知识详解——虚拟语气

一、动词的语气和种类:

语气(mood) 是一种动词的形式，用以表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)有三种，分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

1.陈述语气(indicative mood): 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问，主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

eg. ① Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 ② Can you help me carry the box upstairs ③ How I missed the life in the countryside! ④ China lies in the east of Asia.

2.祈使语气(imperative mood): 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 eg. ① Come this way, please! 请这边走。

② Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？

③ Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时一定要小心

3、虚拟语气(subjunctive mood):

虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood), 又称假设语气, 是谓语动词的一种形式, 表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反, 在现实中并不存在, 或实现的可能性很小。虚拟语气是表示假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能或主观打算等的一种语气,是每年高考必考的一个语法项目。 eg. ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

② I wish it were spring all the year round.但愿四季如春。 ③ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ④ We only wish we could help. (表愿望）

⑤ He suggested that we should all go to see the film.(表建议)

（1）辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us. If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time. （2）虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表

1

【注】条件从句用动词的过去式(be动词用were),

主句用should(第一人称)或would(全部人称)+动词原形。 可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。 @. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果:

eg.① If I were you, I should( would , could, might) tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。(事实上我不是你) ② If she had time, she would( could, might) help me. 如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。(事实上她没有时间)

③ If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。

④ If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。

eg.① If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might) have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。 (事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。)

② If you had taken my advice, you wouldn t(couldn t) have failed in the exam. 如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的。) ③ If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨, 我就去买东西了。

④ The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs.

倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。