高中英语语法独立主格结构讲解

独立主格结构详细讲解

有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）

Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night .

夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）

从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这

种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分

词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在

分词或副词。

三、独立主格结构的功能

独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，七作用相当于一个撰于从句，常用来辨识时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。

1）表示时间 Her work done ,she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

2）表示条件 The condition being favourable , she may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。

3）表示原因 There being taxis , we had to walk.没有出坐车，我们只好步行。

4）表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors ,silver the best of all.

几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。

四、形式选择中应该注意的问题

1）现在分词还是过去分词？

在独立主格结构中，主格词语分词形成逻辑主语关系时，用现在分词，如：Winter coming,

it gets colder and colder.一句中，“春天”和“到来”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词；主格词与分词形成逻辑动宾关系时，用过去分词，如：More money given ,we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained. 一句中，“money”和“give”是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词。

在独立主格结构中，如果强调分词的时间发生在主句动词时间之前，常用现在分词完成时态表示。如：The snow having stopped ,she went out to sweep the snow in the yard

现在分词与过去分词的性质完全不同，但在独立结构中，有时却有共同之处：子安在分词的被动式有时可以简化为过去分词，例如：

As her skirt was caught on a nail, she could not move.

Her skirt being caught on a nail , she could move.

Her skirt caught on a nail , she could move.

After his work had been finished , he went home.

His work having been finished , he went home.

His work finished , he went home.

2) 分词结构还是独立主格结构

上面的例子告诉我们，独立主格常常可以看做是由复合句中的从句变来的。但是，如果从句和主句的主语相同，则不可改为独立结构。例如：

Since he was very tired with his work , he soon fell asleep and forgot his trouble.

不可改为：He being very tired with his work ,he….但可改为：Being very tired with his work ,he… 比较：判断动名词复合结构的方式