高中英语语法——独立主格结构

独立主格

一、独立主格结构(the absolute structure)用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的特点：

1独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同 ，它独立存在。

2名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

4)在句中作状语，并对主句进行补充说明。

5)它有自己逻辑上的主语，表达相对独立的意思

三、构成

1、名词/代词 + to do The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。

2、名词/代词 + doing （1）.__________no bus, we had to walk home. (A)

A .There being B .Being C .Having been D .There was

（2）._______no bus, we had to walk home. (b)

A .As there being B .As there was C .Being D .There was

（3）._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. (c)

A .Being B .There being C .It being D .Having been

（4）.______Sunday, the library doesn't open. (d or It being)

A .As it being B .Being C .It is D .As it is

3、名词/代词 + done 因为钱包被偷了，她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。

The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。

（1）.______a___, the train started.

A .The signal given B .Giving the signal B .The signal being given D .The signal giving

（2）.____d______, the train started.

A .After having given the signal B .After the signal given C .Giving the signal D .After the signal was given

（3）.____b_____, the text became easier for us to learn.

A .Explaining new words B .New words explained C .Being explained new words D .Having explained new words

（4）.______a________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. When new words were explained B .Explaining new words

C .New words explaining D .Being explained new words

4、名词/代词+adj. / adv.

I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.我看见深深的池塘里，水蓝蓝的像天空。 条件有利的话，他可能成功。 夏天过去了，学生回到了学校。