高中英语语法系列 第十一章 情态动词

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第十一章 情态动词

一can 1.表"能力"I can lift the stone. I can speak English while he can't. Who can play the violin? He got up early yesterday so that he could catch the early bus.

could 表过去的能力。

注；1。can 与be able to表能力时的区别：

① 形式上；can有两种形式can 与could，而be able to有更多的形式。

is(are)able to, was able to ,, has been able , will be able to , would be able to 等。

be able to 只表能力而can 还可表"可能性"，"惊异","许可"等。

② could与was able to表过去能力的差别：均表过去的能力，但was（were）able to还可表业已成功的行为（即：动作确实做了）。

2．表"许可"You can go now. You can use my dictionary. You can have a rest. -Can I smoke here?

-No, you can't.

注：用could代替can在疑问句中，语气客气委婉，但在时间上还指现在.Could you lend me your bike? Could you tell me how to get to the station? 注意：回答由could引起的问句，仍用can 而不用could。

-Could you wait a few more minutes?

-Yes, I can.

3.表猜测"可能"，一般用于疑问句和否定句。

-Can the news be true? -It can't be true. Where can he be?

注：(1)can't表"不可能"，语气断然否定。

(2) could在宾语从句中表过去的可能性，其它情况一般还表示现在的可能性只是语气比can委婉和更加不肯定。 I thought he could come .

(3) can 亦可用于肯定句表可能，但表示的是逻辑推理上的可能性（或理论上的），非主观臆断。There can be no noise on the moon because of sound being carried by the air .

(4) can(could)…have done或can(could)…have been(done)用于疑问句或疑问句表对过去时或完成时的揣测。

What can have happened to him ? He can not have read the book. He can't have been to Beijing.

4.表"惊异""惊讶"：How can you be so impolite? How can you say that?

二. may 表"允许""许可""允诺"（征询对方许可）。

You may go now . May I use your bike? You may keep the book for 2 weeks . 注意：(1)其否定形式may not表示不可以，但更常用must not来代替may not表示"不可以"，"禁止"。 -May I watch TV after supper?

-Yes, you may.(No, you mustn't .或No, you may not.或No, you'd better not.)(2)与can的比较：may比can更正式。May I know your name? May I (he, we…)….? May you….? (May you have a good journey! 此处表祝愿)

（3）。might代替may用于疑问句，更客气礼貌些，回答时仍用may。 -Might I use your telephone? -Yes, you may .

(4)might not 不表示"不允许"

2．表"可能"。（1）用于肯定句和否定句（因为May I…?表征询许可）。

The news may be true . He may not be at home now. I think he may come today(tomorrow).