高考英语主语从句讲解

高考英语主语从句

定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。引导主语从句的连接词有：

从属连词: that, whether；

连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)；

连接副词: when, where, how和why。

连接词：

1. 从属连词：that， whether

1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。

2）whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引导的名词从句做 主语，表语，介词宾语，同位语时！不可用if代替。

a.That price will go up is certain.

b. Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

2. 连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。

Which side will win is not clear. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

Whatever he did is right. Who killed the scientist remains a question.

1）What和that引导的主语从句的区别：that 只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，没有意思。What 不仅起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语)，意思是：“什么”。

What we need is money. That he will come is certain.

2）whatever / whoever的用法（~ever=no matter ~---让步状语从句中）

whatever / whoever可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that; whoever 相当于anyone who。例如:

Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam.

Whatever(Anything that) she did was right.

3. 连接副词when，where， how，why等。既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will be back depends on the weather. When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon. Where the test will be given is not yet decided.

4. 主语从句后置：为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用 it 作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: That we shall be late is certain. -- It’s certain that we shall be late.

1）用it 作形式主语的结构

A. It + be + 形容词 + that 从句

(obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) 如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

B. It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句 (an honour, a fact, a pity, etc）如：

It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…

It is a fact that… …是事实 It is common knowledge that… …是常识

It’s a pity that we can’t go.

C. It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc。） 如： It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

D. It + 不及物动词或短语 + that 从句 ( seem，happen, doesn’t matter ,turn out） 。如： It happened that I was out that day. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.

2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从