北京师范大学2011考博英语真题解析

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北京师范大学2011考博英语真题解析

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth。”But1despitesomeclaimstothecontrary,chucklingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2produceshort-termchangesincardiovascularfunctionandrespiration,3boostingheartrate,respiratoryrateanddepth,aswellasoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4sustain,agoodguffawisunlikelytohave5measurablecardiovascularbenefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes。

6Infact,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe7opposite.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8relaxesmuscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesaftertheguffawsubsides。（PS:ThewaytocontactyumingkaoboTEL:silingling-liuliuba-liujiuqibaQQ:772678537)

Suchphysicalrelaxationmightconceivablyhelp9moderatetheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Afterall,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10physicalfeedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11Accordingtooneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12inphysicalreactions.AmericanpsychologistWilliamJamesandDanish

physiologistCarlLangearguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13becausetheyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow。

Althoughsadnessalso14precedestears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15frommuscularresponses.Inanexperiment