英语翻译基础讲义

英语翻译基础讲义,对翻译的方法进行了详细的说明,并配合了很多的例句让读者有更好的理解

英语翻译基础讲义

LIUYONGQUAN

第一章翻译的基本原则

1.Nature of Translation(翻译的性质)

Translation is a science.

Translation is an art.

Translation is a craft.

Translation is a skill.

Translation is an operation.

Translation is a language activity.

Translation is communication

2.Principles of Translation(翻译的原则)

Three characters “信，达，雅”（faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance） ———严复《天演论》

Three characters “信，达，切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness) ———刘重德《翻译十讲》

Summary: 忠实与通顺

(1) Faithfulness of Translation (翻译的忠实)

Strictly speaking, faithfulness is the generalization of the principles of translation. That’s to say, true translation demands that the translator be faithful to the content, language and style of the original at the same time.

Eg. 1.War, pestilence and famine consumed one million people.

战争，瘟疫和饥馑毁掉了一百万人。

该句译文从三个方面与原文都是一致的。内容上，措辞完全对应；形式上，中英文都是陈述句，且语序相同。

2.The prize winner wears his honours modestly.

1）荣获者带着他的荣誉谦逊地。

2）获奖者谦逊地对待他的荣誉。

3）获奖者虽尊不傲。

三种译文中，第一种完全是对译，读起来别扭，意义也费解。第二种译法对关键词wear的词义稍有引申，词序也作了一定的调整，合乎汉语的表达习惯，基本上表达了原文的意义。第三句形式上脱离了原文，单个词义也未与原文相对应，但从句子整体意义上，更近原文，更全面、准确地传递了原文的信息，汉语更精练，顺达。

1.Avoid translating word by word(不可词词对译)

Eg. Milky Way(误译牛奶路)---The pale white band of stars and clouds of gas that can be seen across the sky at night.

例如，对以下两个问句的回答

A) Did you go to see the film last night?