麦秸焚烧导致的北京市大气污染时空分布和化学组成特征分析

第28卷第9期

2008年9月

环　境　科　学　学　报　ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae

Vol.28,No.9Sep.,2008

李金香,赵越,李令军,等.2008.麦秸焚烧导致的北京市大气污染时空分布和化学组成特征分析[J].环境科学学报,28(9):1904-1909

LiJX,ZhaoY,LiLJ,etal.2008.CharacterizationofambientairpollutioninBeijingcausedbyagriculturalburning[J].ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae,28(9):1904-1909

麦秸焚烧导致的北京市大气污染时空分布和化学组

成特征分析

李金香,赵越,李令军,杨晓光,李海军,董欣,李云婷

北京市环境保护监测中心,北京100044

收稿日期:2007207218　　　修回日期:2008201207　　　录用日期:2008205226

摘要:为了全面评价农田秸秆焚烧产生的污染事件,并为制定有效的管理措施提供依据,于2006年6月20日监测了西南风下北京南部农田麦秸焚烧产生的污染物向北京传输的过程,获得了SO2、CO、NOx以及可吸入颗粒物(PM10)质量浓度的数据、.数据分析结果表明,污染输送对北京市西南部地区空气质量影响最大(PM10小时浓度超过600 m-3(PM10浓度峰值在110μg m-3),高浓度污染在市区持续时间最长.麦秸焚烧通过输送增加了PM10()、CO2,这使得与前一日相比污染物之间的相关关系发生了变化:SO2NO显著相关.因子分析进一步揭示,气象条件对污染物浓度变化具有主导作用,.污染输送过程中,PM2.5中的硝酸盐类和有机碳、碳黑质量浓度增大.,在不利扩散的气象条件下在大气中存留时间加长.研究结果表明,.关键词:麦秸焚烧;;文章编号:025322468(2008)21904206　　　中图分类号:X511　　　文献标识码:A

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CharacterizationofambientairpollutioninBeijingcausedbyagriculturalburning　

LIJinxiang,ZHAOYue,LILingjun,YANGXiaoguang,LIHaijun,DONGXin,LIYunting

BeijingMunicipalEnvironmentalMornitoringCenter,Beijing100044

Received18July2007;　　　receivedinrevisedform7January2008;　　　accepted26May2008

Abstract:AwiderangeofopenburningofwheatstubbleoccurredsouthofBeijingonJune20,2006,andconsequentlypollutedplumesweretransportedintoBeijingareacontinuouslybysouth2westernwindsinthefollowinghours.Themassandchemicalcomponentsoftheparticulatematterweremeasuredfortheentirepollutionprocessandgaseouspollutantsweremeasuredaswell.Detaileddataanalysisshowsthata)inthiscaseof20June2006agricultural

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μgburning,transportedpollutionhadaheavyinfluenceonairqualitynearbytheburningsites,withPM10peakconcentration>600 m-3,butratherlightμginfluenceonthenorthernmountainareasofBeijingwherethepeakconcentrationonlyreached110 m-3.Thedurationofthepollutionwaslongestin

theurbancenter.b)ThepollutantstransportedwiththeplumeswerePM10(mainlyPM1)、CO、NO2andNMHC,whichcouldbeidentifiedthroughthecorrelationfactorsamongallpollutantsmeasured.c)FactoranalysisindicatesthatthecontributionoftheunfavorablemeteorologicalconditiontothisepisodeinthecentralurbanareaofBeijingwasgreaterthanthatofabnormalemissionsfromtheagriculturalburning.d)Nitrates,organiccarbonandblackcarboninPM2.5increasedgreatlyinconcentration,andfineparticlesaredominantpollutantduringthepollutionevent.Fineorganicparticlesmayhavestronginfluencesonhumanhealth.Thus,itisstronglyrecommendedbyourstudythatunderunfavorableweatherconditionsfordispersion,agriculturalburningupwindofBeijingshouldbeunconditionallybanned.

Keywords:wheatstubbleopenburning;factoranalysis;fineparticles;pollutioncharacterization

1　引言(Introduction)

(PM2.5)以及气态前体物,可以明显地影响一个城

市、地区的大气质量和能见度(Lightyetal.,2000).研究表明,这种来源的颗粒物粒径小、化学组成和

露天生物质燃烧在短期内排放大量的颗粒物

基金项目:北京市科委“北京市空气质量达标战略研究”项目(No.H030630540320)

SupportedbytheBeijingMunicipalScience&TechnologyCommission(No.H030630540320)作者简介:李金香(1969—),女,高级工程师(博士生),E2mail:ljx@bjmemc.com.cn;3通讯作者(责任作者)

Biography:LIJinxiang(1969—),female,seniorengineer(Ph.D.candidate),E2mail:ljx@bjmemc.com.cn3Correspondingauthor