塔里木河上_中游胡杨种群结构与统计分析

第27卷第4期2007年4月

生态学报Vo.l27,No.2

Apr.,2007

塔里木河上、中游胡杨种群结构与统计分析

韩　路,王海珍,周正立,李志军

(塔里木大学植物科技学院,新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔　843300)

摘要:在新疆塔里木河的上游-阿瓦提县和中游-轮台县胡杨林自然保护区内设置1.2hm2的样地,应用相邻格子法进行每木调查获取野外资料,编绘了不同生境胡杨种群的特定时间生命表、存活曲线和大小、年龄结构图。结果表明:不同生境胡杨的种群结构差异明显。阿瓦提县胡杨种群大小、年龄结构呈金字塔型,幼苗储备丰富,缺乏老树,林分较年轻,为增长种群。种群从Ⅰ～Ⅱ级发育过程中死亡率较高,中龄个体生命期望寿命较高,存活曲线符合DeeveyⅢ(凹)型。轮台县胡杨种群大小、年龄结构呈中部大、两端小的正态分布,幼苗相对较少,林相成熟,为稳定种群。种群从Ⅵ～Ⅶ级发育过程中死亡率较高,生命期望寿命随年龄的增大而降低,存活曲线经模型检验符合DeeveyII(直线)型。不同生境种群的消失率与死亡率曲线变化一致,均出现两个高峰,峰值大小明显不同。种群数量动态是胡杨生物学特性和环境条件共同作用的结果。关键词:塔里木河;胡杨;种群结构;特定时间生命表;存活曲线

文章编号:1000-0933(2007)04-1315-08　中图分类号:Q948.1　文献标识码:A

PopulationstructureanddemographyofPopuluseuphraticuinupperandmiddle

reachesofTarmiRiver

HANLu,WANGHai-Zhen,ZHOUZheng-Li,LIZhi-Jun

InstituteofPlantsScienceandTechnologyofTarimUniversity,XinjiangProduction＆ConstructionCorpsKeyLaboratoryofProtectionandUtilizationofBiologicalResourcesinTarimBasin,Alar,Xingjiang843300,ChinaActaEcologicaSinica,2007,27(4):1315～1322.

Abstract:DesertPopuluseuphraticuforestwidelydistributesinanariddesertregion(30°-50°N),itsdominatedspeciesareSalicaceaeandTamaricaceae.ThetypicalP.euphraticuforestexistsinTarimRiverBasin,alsooccupysover350,000kmand90%oftotalP.euphraticuareainchina.TheexistenceanddevelopmentofdesertP.euphraticuhasgreatecological,economicalandsocialbenefits,andcontrolsthestructure、functionandsustainabledevelopmentofTarimdesertecosystem.Since1960ssoilandwaterresourcesofupperandmiddlereachesoftheTarimRiverwereexcessivelyexploited,whichinducedtorecession,nonbearingtreesanddeathoflargeareaP.euphraticuforest,anddirectlydamagedsustainabledevelopmentofoasisagricultureandecologicalbalance.Thisobjectiveofthisstudywastoilluminatethepopulationstructureandquantitativedynamic,livingstatusanddevelopmenttrendinthefuture,andprovidestheoreticalbaseforutilizingresourcesrationallyandprotectingdominantpopulation.TheoriginaldesertforestandthecenterzonearelocatedinNatureReserveRegionofAwatiandLuntaicountyinupperandmiddlereachesofTarimRiver,theenvironmentalconditionsofAwaticountyaregoodandthegroundwaterlevelisshallow,P.euphraticugrowswel.lOnthecontrary,Luntai

2

基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室开放基金资助项目(BR0603)和塔里木大学校长基金资助项目(TDZKSS05008)

收稿日期:2006-05-09;修订日期:2006-12-15

作者简介:韩路(1971～),男,新疆阿克苏人,硕士,副教授,主要从事生态学教学与研究.E-mail:hlzky@163.com

Foundationitem:TheprojectwasfinanciallysupportedbyXinjiangProduction＆ConstructionCorpsKeyLaboratoryofProtectionandUtilizationofBiologicalResourcesinTarimBasin(No.BR0603)andKeyProjectofTarimUniversity(No.TDZKSS05008)Receiveddate:2006-05-09;Accepteddate:2006-12-15

Biography:HANLu,Associateprofessor,mainlyengagedinecology.E-mail:hlzky@163.com