高考英语定语从句讲解及练习

高考英语定语从句讲解及练习

一、基本概念：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?

That is the house where he lived ten years ago.

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;

关系副词有：when, where, why.

二、关系词的用法：

（一）关系代词的用法：

1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如：

He is the man who/that lives next door.

The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.

2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.

Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?

注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

3． 作定语用whose, 如：

(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.

(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)