Increased Neutrophil Elastase and Proteinase 3 and Augmented NETosis Are Closely Associated with

Increased Neutrophil Elastase and Proteinase 3 and Augmented NETosis Are Closely Associated with β-cell Autoimmunity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Page 1 of 34Diabetes

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Increased Neutrophil Elastase and Proteinase 3 and Augmented NETosis Are Closely

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Associated with β-cell Autoimmunity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Yudong Wang1,2 ,Yang Xiao3 , Ling Zhong1,2 , Dewei Ye1,2,4, Jialiang Zhang1,2, Yiting Tu3, Stefan R.

Bornstein5, Zhiguang Zhou3, Karen S.L. Lam1,2, and Aimin Xu1,2,4

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;

Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;

Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.

2.3.

4.5.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Running title: Neutrophil Serine Proteases, NETosis and T1D

Corresponding authors:

Aimin Xu or Karen S.L. Lam, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Telephone: +852-28199754; Fax: +852-28162095; E-mail: ; or .

Or Zhiguang Zhou, Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China. Telephone: +86-13873104348; Fax: +86-731-85294018; E-mail: .

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