商法复习

国际商法 期末复习

一、1、（名词解释1）International Business Law(国际商法) : is the body of rules and norms that regulates activities carried out outside the legal boundaries of states.

调整跨越国界的商事关系的各种法律规范的总称。

2、Sources of International Business Law国际商法的存在形式

（1）National Business Law 各国商法

（2）International Treaties and Conventions 国际条约和公约

（3）International Model Law 国际示范法

（4）International Trade Customs and Usages 国际贸易惯例

3、Comparison of Municipal Legal systems 法系的比较

（1）Civil Law System 大陆法 （2）Common Law System 普通法

4、（名词解释2）Contract Law 合同法：A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing,modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing,that is ,between natural persons,legal persons or other organizations.

商法是一种协议，是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间，设立变更终止民事权利关系的协议。

5、（名词解释3）Offer 要约:An offer is a proposal by one person to another indicating an intention to enter into a contract under specified terms.

要约人向受要约人提出的愿与之订立合同的意思表示。

a、要约人单方意思表示 b、要约对要约人有约束力

c、要约不是合同，一般是可以撤回

6、（简答1）Requirement of offer 要约的构成要件

（1）an offer must be addressed to one or more specific persons.向特定人发出

（2）an offer is considered sufficiently definite （内容十分确定，明确无保留）indicates or describes the goods(标的物),expressly or implicitly specifies the quantity,the price for goods. 内容十分确定，明确无保留，特别对标的物的质量和价格描述。

b、intention of the offeror to be bound 明确无保留（决定权交给对方）

（3）an offer becomes valid when it arrives at the offeree.送达受要约人。

7、（名词解释4）Acceptance 承诺:The acceptance is the offeree’s manifestation of the intention to be bound to the terms of the offer.受要约人做出的同意要约内容的意思表示。

8、（简答2）Requirements of Acceptance 承诺的构成要件

（1）An acceptance must be made by the offeree.由受要约人做出。

（2）An acceptance must be made within the period of validity.承诺应在要约有效期内。

（3）An acceptance must match the terms of the offer exactly and unequivocally.

承诺要与要约的内容一致。

9、（简答3）General Rules On Consideration 对价的条件

（1）Consideration must move from the promise 对价必须来自受允许诺人

（2）Consideration must have a value but need not be equal to the promise.

对价必须要有某种价值，但不要求等价。

（3）Performance of duty is not consideration.法律或职责上的义务不能作为对价

（4）Consideration must be present or future and can’t be past.

对价必须是已履行的对价，待履行的对价不能为过去的对价。

10、（名词解释5）Breach of Contract合同的违约:When a party without lawful excuse fails or refuses to perform what is due from him under the contract,or performs defectively or incapacitates himself from performing.