从used to do说开去

从used to do说开去

■崔长平 河南遂平一高（463100）

■used to do（ ）意为“过去常常 （暗含现在已不如此）”，后接原形动词。它只有过去时形式，指过去的习惯或状态，没有其它时态和数的变化。used读作[ju:st]。used to do （ ）不能用来说明某事发生的次数或延续多长时间。

其否定和疑问形式有两种构成方法：

①否定句

She didn’t use (d) to do it, did she?

You used not to make the mistake.

He use (d) n’t to like fish.

He never used to like fish.

②疑问句和否定疑问句

Did you use to play football?

Used you to play football?

Used there to be a bus stop on the corner?

Didn’t you use (d) to live near me?

Use(d)n’t he to like fish?

Used he not to like fish?

③反意疑问句

You used to live in London,usedn’t you?

You used to smoke a pipe,didn’t you? / use(d)n’t you?

There used to be a bus stop on the corner,use(d)n’t there?/ didn’t there?

另外，情态动词would也可以表达“过去常常 ”，但不侧重与现在情况的对比，也不宜用在叙述一个故事的开端，而只能用在中间。

We used to swim every day when we were children. We would run down to the lake and jump in. She would sit like that for hours.

Every summer we would go swimming in the river.

would也不用来说明某个动作发生的次数或延续的时间。

（×） I would live in London for three years.

（×） I would go to France seven times.

would 和used to 都可以用来谈过去的习惯；used to 既可以用来谈动作（动态），也可以用来谈情况（静态）；而would只能用来表示重复的动作（动态）。

When we were children we used to （= would）go skating every winter.

I used to （≠would）have an old Rolls Royce（劳斯莱斯）.

■be used to 意为“习惯于 ”，其后接用名词、代词或动名词。used读作[ju:st]。如若侧重动作或状态的开始时，通常使用get used to 或become used to 。以上三个短语中的to均为介词。 I’m used to loneliness.

I’m not used to being treated like this.

I’m quite used to living in the countryside.

You’ll soon get used to it.

She didn’t feel lonely, used to living alone.